Political ideologies in the United States vary considerably. Persons in the U.S. generally classify themselves either as adhering to positions along the political spectrum The left–right political spectrum is a common way of classifying political positions, political ideologies, or political parties along a one-dimensional political spectrum. The perspective of Left vs. Right is a broad, dialectical interpretation of complex questions. Left-wing politics and right-wing politics are often presented as polar as liberal-progressive Liberalism in the United States is a broad political and philosophical mindset favoring individual liberty. The main focus of modern liberalism in the United States is voting rights for all adult citizens, equal rights, separation of church and state, protection of the environment, and the provision by the government of social services, such as, moderate, or conservative Conservatism in the United States is an umbrella term for an array of related positions on political and economic policy, generally favoring free-market capitalism, Christian morality, and anti-communism. Since the 1890s it has been chiefly associated with the Republican Party, although there were numerous conservative Democrats from the South. American liberalism aims at the preservation and extension of human, social and civil rights Civil and political rights are a class of rights that protect individuals' freedom from unwarranted infringement by governments and private organizations, and ensure one's ability to participate in the civil and political life of the state without discrimination or repression as well as the government guaranteed provision of positive rights Libertarians and some political scientists make a distinction between negative and positive rights . According to this view, positive rights permit or oblige action, whereas negative rights permit or oblige inaction. These permissions or obligations may be of either a legal or moral character. Likewise, the notion of positive and negative rights. It combines social progressivism Social progressivism is the view that the basic concepts of social mores, human nature, and morality are not fixed throughout history and should be revised as new scientific knowledge becomes available. The term is most commonly associated with an international political movement on basis of this view. Particularly in developed countries, social and to some extent, ordoliberalism Ordoliberalism is a school of liberalism that emphasises the need for the state to ensure that the free market produces results close to its theoretical potential . The theory was developed by German economists and legal scholars such as Walter Eucken, Franz Böhm, Hans Grossmann-Doerth and Leonhard Miksch from about 1930-1950. Alexander Rüstow and is highly similar to European social liberalism Social liberalism is the belief that liberalism should include social justice. It differs from classical liberalism in that it recognizes a legitimate role for government in addressing economic and social issues such as unemployment, health care, and education while simultaneously expanding civil rights. Under social liberalism, the good of the of parties like the British The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland[note 7] is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. It is an island country, spanning an archipelago including Great Britain, the northeastern part of the island of Ireland, and many small islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK with a land Liberal Democrats The Liberal Democrats, often shortened to Lib Dems, are a centre to centre-left social liberal political party in the United Kingdom. The party was formed in 1988 by a merger of the Liberal Party and the Social Democratic Party. The two parties had formed the electoral SDP–Liberal Alliance for seven years before then. The current leader of the, Dutch The Netherlands (pronounced /ˈnɛðɚləndz/ ; Dutch: Nederland, pronounced [ˈneːdərlɑnt] ( listen)) is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located in North-West Europe. It is a parliamentary democratic constitutional monarchy. The Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany Democrats 66 D66 was formed in 1966 by a group of politically unaligned, young intellectuals, led by journalist Hans van Mierlo. The party's main objective was to democratize the political system, it proposed to create an American style presidential system. In the 1967 the party won six seats, no new party gained that many seats before. The electoral history and Belgian Belgium (pronounced /ˈbɛldʒəm/ , BEL-jəm), officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a state in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters, as well as those of several other major international organizations such as NATO. Belgium covers an area of 30,528 square kilometres (11,787 sq mi), and it Flemish Liberals and Democrats The Vlaamse Liberalen en Democraten or OpenVLD (Flemish Liberals and Democrats) is a Flemish liberal party, created in 1992 from the former Party for Freedom and Progress (PVV) and a few other politicians from other parties. The party has been part of the government continuously since 1999; it led the government for three cabinets under Guy. American conservatism commonly refers to a combination of economic liberalism Economic liberalism is the economic component of classical liberalism. It is an economic philosophy that supports and promotes laissez-faire economics. Proponents of economic liberalism believe political freedom and social freedom are inseparable with economic freedom, and use philosophical arguments promoting liberty to justify economic and social conservatism Social conservatism is a political or moral ideology that believes government and/or society have a role in encouraging or enforcing what they consider traditional values or behaviors based on the belief that these are what keep people civilized and decent. A second meaning of the term social conservatism developed in the Nordic countries and and to an extent, libertarianism Libertarianism is advocacy of individual liberty of thought and action. Libertarians oppose coercive authority, especially that of the state. Many libertarians support the non-aggression principle which holds individuals should not infringe upon the freedom of others. Some libertarians support a minimal state position and others various non-state. It aims at protecting traditional values (especially on social issues) while promoting the concept of small government A Small government is one which minimizes its own activities. In its "perfect" form, minarchism, the state confines itself to foreign policy, defense and law while leaving other activities to local government, companies and individuals.
The ideological position a person or party takes may be described in terms of social and economic policy. The ideological positions a person assumes on social and economic policy issues may differ in their position on the political spectrum. Milton Friedman Milton Friedman was an American economist, statistician, and a recipient of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics. Among scholars, he is best known for his theoretical and empirical research, especially consumption analysis, monetary history and theory, and for his demonstration of the complexity of stabilization policy. He was an economic advisor, for example, was left-of-center on social issues but right-of-center on fiscal matters.[1] Several ideological demographics may be identified in addition to or as subgroups of liberals and conservatives with nearly every possible ideology being found in the general population.
In the U.S., the Democratic Party The Democratic Party is one of two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Republican Party. The party's modern liberal platform is largely considered center-left in the U.S. political spectrum. It is one of the world's oldest political parties and boasts the lengthiest record of continuous operation in the United generally represents liberal ideals, while the Republican Party The Republican Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Democratic Party. Founded by anti-slavery expansion activists in 1854, it is often called the Grand Old Party or the GOP, despite being the younger of the two major parties. The party's platform is generally considered right of center commonly represents conservative ideals. Smaller parties such as the Libertarian Party The Libertarian Party is a United States political party founded on December 11, 1971. In the 30 states where voters can register by party there are over 225,000 voters registered with the Libertarian Party, making it the third largest of America's parties. Hundreds of Libertarian candidates have been elected or appointed to public office, and play a minor role in American politics.
The size of ideological groups varies slightly depending on the poll. According to a 2007 poll, 35% of Americans identified as moderate, 36% as "conservative" and 25% as "liberal."[2] In a 2005 study, the Pew Research Center The Pew Research Center is an American think tank organization based in Washington, D.C. that provides information on issues, attitudes and trends shaping the United States and the world. The Center and its projects receive funding from The Pew Charitable Trusts. The Pew Research Center is a strictly non-advocacy organization, while the Pew identified nine typological groups. Three groups were identified as part of each, "the left," "the middle," and "the right." In this categorization system, "the right" roughly represents the Republican base The Republican Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Democratic Party. Founded by anti-slavery expansion activists in 1854, it is often called the Grand Old Party or the GOP, despite being the younger of the two major parties. The party's platform is generally considered right of center, those on "the left" the Democratic base The Democratic Party is one of two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Republican Party. The party's modern liberal platform is largely considered center-left in the U.S. political spectrum. It is one of the world's oldest political parties and boasts the lengthiest record of continuous operation in the United and those in "the middle" independents. Within the left are the largely secular and anti-war "Liberals", the socially conservative but economically left "Conservative Democrats", and the economically "Disadvantaged Democrats" who favor an extended welfare state. In "the middle" are the optimistic and upwardly mobile "Upbeats", the discouraged and mistrusting "Disaffecteds," and the disenfranchised "Bystanders." The right compromises the highly pro-business "Enterprisers," the highly religious "Social Conservatives" (also known as the Christian right The Christian right, also known as the Religious Right and the Evangelical Bloc, is a term used predominantly in the United States of America to describe a spectrum of right-wing Christian political and social movements and organizations characterized by their strong support of conservative social and political values. The politically active), and the "Pro-Government Conservatives" who are largely conservative on social issues but support government intervention to better their economic disposition.[3]
Contents |
Typological groups
| The Right | Persons (%) | Voters (%) | Income of $75k+ | College degree | Married with Children | Voted for Bush (%) | Voted for Kerry (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Enterprisers | 9% | 11% | 41% | 46% | 40% | 92% | 1% |
| Social Conservatives | 11% | 13% | 30% | 28% | 28% | 86% | 4% |
| Pro-Government Conservatives | 9% | 10% | 10% | 15% | 34% | 61% | 12% |
| The Middle | Persons (%) | Voters (%) | Income of $75k+ | College degree | Married with Children | Voted for Bush (%) | Voted for Kerry (%) |
| Upbeats | 11% | 13% | 39% | 37% | 28% | 63% | 14% |
| Disaffecteds | 9% | 10% | 13% | 11% | 22% | 42% | 21% |
| Bystanders | 10% | 0% | 8% | 13% | 28% | * | * |
| The Left | Persons (%) | Voters (%) | Income of $75k+ | College degree | Married with Children | Voted for Bush (%) | Voted for Kerry (%) |
| Conservative Democrats | 14% | 15% | 15% | 16% | 28% | 14% | 65% |
| Disadvantaged Democrats | 10% | 10% | 8% | 13% | 23% | 2% | 82% |
| Liberals | 17% | 19% | 41% | 49% | 20% | 2% | 81% |
| Demographic | Total | The Right | The Middle | The Left | Bystanders | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Enterprisers | Social Conservatives | Pro-Government Conservatives | Upbeats | Disaffecteds | Conservative Democrats | Disadvantaged Democrats | Liberals | ||||
| Race | |||||||||||
| White | 80% | 91% | 91% | 85% | 87% | 81% | 64% | 58% | 83% | 80% | |
| Black | 12% | 1% | 4% | 10% | 7% | 7% | 30% | 32% | 6% | 7% | |
| Hispanic | 10% | 5% | 7% | 12% | 7% | 8% | 11% | 14% | 9% | 20% | |
| Other | 6% | 4% | 7% | 3% | 6% | 9% | 5% | 9% | 9% | 11% | |
| Region | |||||||||||
| East | 19% | 17% | 14% | 18% | 21% | 21% | 21% | 19% | 24% | 16% | |
| Midwest | 24% | 22% | 22% | 23% | 28% | 27% | 23% | 32% | 20% | 19% | |
| South | 35% | 34% | 47% | 42% | 33% | 30% | 41% | 35% | 22% | 35% | |
| West | 22% | 27% | 17% | 17% | 18% | 22% | 15% | 14% | 34% | 30% | |
| Sex | |||||||||||
| Male | 48% | 76% | 42% | 38% | 50% | 57% | 44% | 40% | 46% | 48% | |
| Female | 52% | 24% | 58% | 62% | 50% | 43% | 56% | 60% | 54% | 52% | |
| Age | |||||||||||
| 18-29 | 21% | 10% | 13% | 24% | 26% | 12% | 17% | 17% | 28% | 39% | |
| 30-49 | 39% | 46% | 37% | 39% | 36% | 34% | 37% | 37% | 40% | 40% | |
| 50-64 | 22% | 24% | 21% | 22% | 21% | 27% | 23% | 30% | 21% | 12% | |
| 65 and older | 16% | 18% | 26% | 14% | 16% | 15% | 23% | 13% | 10% | 8% | |
Atlantic Free Press
Yet according to The New York Times: DOJ officials "said that the men charged on (July 22) were not seen as serious terrorist threats to the United States ...
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fleeing Castros communistic agenda Some of the Cubans had businesses and professional occupations The move to the US was an effort to save their standard of living Hispanics differ on their political views For example many Cubans and Colombians tend to favor conservative political ideologies and support the Republicans while Mexicans Puerto Ricans
