Under the U.S. Constitution The Constitution of the United States of America is the supreme law of the United States. It is the foundation and source of the legal authority underlying the existence of the United States of America and the federal government of the United States. It provides the framework for the organization of the United States government and for the, the President of the United States The President of the United States is the head of state and head of government of the United States. The president leads the executive branch of the federal government and is one of only two nationally elected federal officers, the other being the Vice President of the United States is the head of state Head of state is the generic term for the individual or collective office that serves as the chief public representative of a monarchy, republic, federation, commonwealth or other kind of state. His or her role generally includes personifying the continuity and legitimacy of the state and exercising the political powers, functions and duties and the head of government Head of government is the chief officer of the executive branch of a government, often presiding over a cabinet. In a parliamentary system, the head of government is often styled Prime Minister, President of the Government, Premier, etc. In presidential republics or absolute monarchies, the head of government may be the same person as the head of of the United States. As chief of the executive branch and head of the federal government The federal government of the United States is the central government entity established by the United States Constitution, which shares sovereignty over the United States of America with the governments of the individual U.S. states. For official purposes in U.S. courts, the government is sued as the United States of America, and is referred to as a whole, the presidency is the highest political office in the United States by influence and recognition. The president is also the Commander-in-Chief A commander-in-chief is the commander of a nation's military forces or significant element of those forces. In the latter case, the force element may be defined as those forces within a particular region or those forces which are associated by function. As a practical term it refers to the military competencies that reside in a nation-state's of the U.S. armed forces The United States armed forces are the overall unified military forces of the United States. They consist of the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force, and Coast Guard. The president is indirectly elected Indirect election is a process in which voters in an election don't actually choose between candidates for an office but rather elect persons who will then make the choice. It is one of the oldest form of elections and is still used today for many upper houses and presidents. This process is also used in many union elections and sometimes in to a four-year term In the United States, the president of the United States is elected indirectly through the United States Electoral College to a four-year term, with a term limit of two terms or a maximum of ten years if the president acted as president for two years or less in a term where another was elected as president, imposed by the Twenty-second Amendment by an Electoral College The Electoral College consists of the popularly elected representatives who formally elect the President and Vice President of the United States. Since 1964, there have been 538 electors in each presidential election. Article II, Section 1, Clause 2 of the Constitution specifies how many electors each state is entitled to have and that each state' (or by the House of Representatives The United States House of Representatives, commonly referred to as the "House," is the lower house of the bicameral United States Congress, the upper house being the United States Senate should the Electoral College fail to award an absolute majority of votes to any person). Since the ratification of the Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution The Twenty-second Amendment of the United States Constitution sets a term limit for the President of the United States. The Congress passed the amendment on March 21, 1947. It was ratified by the requisite number of states on February 27, 1951. The Amendment was the final result of the recommendations of the Hoover Commission which was established in 1951, no person may be elected to the office of the president more than twice.[1] Upon death, resignation, or removal from office of an incumbent president, the Vice President The Vice President of the United States is the holder of a public office created by the United States Constitution. The vice president, together with the President of the United States, is indirectly elected by the people through the Electoral College to a four-year term. The vice president is the first person in the presidential line of assumes the office.

Contents

About the list

This list includes only those persons who were sworn into office as president following the ratification of the United States Constitution The Constitution of the United States of America is the supreme law of the United States. It is the foundation and source of the legal authority underlying the existence of the United States of America and the federal government of the United States. It provides the framework for the organization of the United States government and for the, which took effect on March 4, 1789. For American leaders before this ratification, see President of the Continental Congress The President of the Continental Congress was the presiding officer of the Continental Congress, the convention of delegates that emerged as the first national government of the United States during the American Revolution. The president was a member of Congress elected by the other delegates to serve as an impartial moderator during meetings of. The list does not include any Acting Presidents under the Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution The Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution deals with succession to the Presidency and establishes procedures both for filling a vacancy in the office of the Vice President, as well as responding to Presidential disabilities. It supersedes the ambiguous wording of Article II, Section 1, Clause 6 of the Constitution, which does.

There have been forty-three people sworn into office, and forty-four presidencies, due to the fact that Grover Cleveland Stephen Grover Cleveland was the 22nd and 24th President of the United States. Cleveland is the only president to serve two non-consecutive terms (1885–1889 and 1893–1897) and therefore is the only individual to be counted twice in the numbering of the presidents. He was the winner of the popular vote for president three times—in 1884, 1888, served two non-consecutive terms and is counted chronologically as both the twenty-second and the twenty-fourth president. Of the individuals elected as president, four died in office of natural causes (William Henry Harrison William Henry Harrison was the ninth President of the United States, an American military officer and politician, and the first president to die in office. The oldest president elected until Ronald Reagan in 1980, and last President to be born before the United States Declaration of Independence, Harrison died on his thirty-second day in office of, Zachary Taylor Zachary Taylor was the 12th President of the United States and an American military leader. Initially uninterested in politics, Taylor nonetheless ran as a Whig in the 1848 presidential election, defeating Lewis Cass and becoming the first President never to have held any previous elected office. Taylor was the last President to hold slaves while, Warren G. Harding Warren Gamaliel Harding was the 29th President of the United States, serving from 1921 until his death from a heart attack or stroke in 1923. A Republican from Ohio, Harding was an influential newspaper publisher. He served in the Ohio Senate (1899–1903) and later as Lieutenant Governor of Ohio (1903–1905) and as a U.S. Senator (1915–1921), and Franklin D. Roosevelt Franklin Delano Roosevelt was the 32nd President of the United States and a central figure in world events during the mid-20th century, leading the United States during a time of worldwide economic crisis and world war. The only American president elected to more than two terms (he was elected to four but only served three full terms, dying in his), one resigned (Richard Nixon Richard Milhous Nixon was the 37th President of the United States from 1969–1974 and was also the 36th Vice President of the United States (1953–1961). Nixon was the only President to resign the office and also the only person to be elected twice to both the Presidency and the Vice Presidency), and four were assassinated (Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln served as the 16th President of the United States from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865. He successfully led his country through its greatest internal crisis, the American Civil War, preserving the Union and ending slavery. Before his election in 1860 as the first Republican president, Lincoln had been a country, James A. Garfield James Abram Garfield was the 20th President of the United States, serving from March 4, 1881 until his death on September 19, 1881, a mere 200 days in office, William McKinley William McKinley, Jr. was the 25th President of the United States, and the last veteran of the American Civil War to be elected to the office. He was the last president to serve in the 19th century and the first to serve in the 20th, and John F. Kennedy John Fitzgerald "Jack" Kennedy , often referred to by his initials JFK, was the 35th President of the United States, serving from 1961 until his assassination in 1963). The first president was George Washington George Washington served as the first constitutional President of the United States from 1789 to 1797, and as the commander of the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War from 1775 to 1783. His role in the revolution and subsequent independence and formation of the United States was significant, and is seen by Americans as the ", who was inaugurated in 1789 after a unanimous Electoral College vote. William Henry Harrison spent the shortest time in office at 31 days in 1841. At over twelve years, Franklin D. Roosevelt spent the longest time in office, and is the only president to serve more than two terms; he died shortly into his fourth term in 1945. The current president is Barack Obama A native of Honolulu, Hawaii, Obama is a graduate of Columbia University and Harvard Law School, where he was the president of the Harvard Law Review. He was a community organizer in Chicago before earning his law degree. He worked as a civil rights attorney in Chicago and taught constitutional law at the University of Chicago Law School from 1992; he assumed the office on January 20, 2009, and is the first African American president and the first president born outside the Contiguous United States The contiguous United States are the 48 U.S. states on the continent of North America that are south of Canada, plus the District of Columbia. The term excludes the states of Alaska and Hawaii, and all off-shore U.S. territories and possessions, such as Puerto Rico, being born in Hawaii The state encompasses nearly the entire volcanic Hawaiian Island chain, which comprises hundreds of islands spread over 1,500 miles . At the southeastern end of the archipelago, the eight "main islands" are (from the northwest to southeast) Niʻihau, Kauaʻi, Oʻahu, Molokaʻi, Lānaʻi, Kahoʻolawe, Maui, and Hawaiʻi. The last is by.

List of Presidents

Parties

Independent In politics, an independent or non-party politician is an individual not affiliated to any political party. Independents may hold a centrist viewpoint between those of major political parties, or they may have a viewpoint based on issues that they do not feel that any major party addresses. Other independent candidates are associated with a Federalist The Federalist Party was an American political party in the period 1792 to 1816, the era of the First Party System, with remnants lasting into the 1820s. The Federalists controlled the federal government until 1801. The party was formed by Alexander Hamilton, who, during George Washington's first term, built a network of supporters, largely urban Democratic-Republican The Democratic-Republican Party was founded by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison around 1792. Supporters usually identified themselves as Republicans, but sometimes as Democrats. The term "Democratic Republican" was also used by contemporaries, but mostly by the party's opponents. It was the dominant political party in the United States Democratic The Democratic Party is one of two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Republican Party. The party's modern liberal platform is largely considered center-left in the U.S. political spectrum. It is one of the world's oldest political parties and boasts the lengthiest record of continuous operation in the United Whig The Whig Party was a political party of the United States during the era of Jacksonian democracy. Considered integral to the Second Party System and operating from 1833 to 1856, the party was formed in opposition to the policies of President Andrew Jackson and the Democratic Party. In particular, the Whigs supported the supremacy of Congress over Republican The Republican Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Democratic Party. Founded by anti-slavery expansion activists in 1854, it is often called the Grand Old Party or the GOP, despite being the younger of the two major parties. The party's platform is generally considered right of center

Presidency[n 1] President The President of the United States is the head of state and head of government of the United States. The president leads the executive branch of the federal government and is one of only two nationally elected federal officers, the other being the Vice President of the United States Took office Left office Party Vice President The Vice President of the United States is the holder of a public office created by the United States Constitution. The vice president, together with the President of the United States, is indirectly elected by the people through the Electoral College to a four-year term. The vice president is the first person in the presidential line of Term
1 George Washington George Washington served as the first constitutional President of the United States from 1789 to 1797, and as the commander of the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War from 1775 to 1783. His role in the revolution and subsequent independence and formation of the United States was significant, and is seen by Americans as the " [2][3][4][5] April 30, 1789 March 4, 1797 Independent John Adams John Adams was an American politician and political philosopher and the second President of the United States (1797–1801), after being the first Vice President of the United States (1789–1797) for two terms. He was one of the most influential Founding Fathers of the United States 1
2
2 John Adams John Adams was an American politician and political philosopher and the second President of the United States (1797–1801), after being the first Vice President of the United States (1789–1797) for two terms. He was one of the most influential Founding Fathers of the United States [6][7][8][9] March 4, 1797 March 4, 1801 Federalist The Federalist Party was an American political party in the period 1792 to 1816, the era of the First Party System, with remnants lasting into the 1820s. The Federalists controlled the federal government until 1801. The party was formed by Alexander Hamilton, who, during George Washington's first term, built a network of supporters, largely urban Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson was the third President of the United States (1801–1809), and the principal author of the Declaration of Independence (1776). Jefferson was one of the most influential Founding Fathers, known for his promotion of the ideals of republicanism in the United States. Jefferson envisioned America as the force behind a great " 3
3 Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson was the third President of the United States (1801–1809), and the principal author of the Declaration of Independence (1776). Jefferson was one of the most influential Founding Fathers, known for his promotion of the ideals of republicanism in the United States. Jefferson envisioned America as the force behind a great " [10][11][12][13] March 4, 1801 March 4, 1809 Democratic-Republican The Democratic-Republican Party was founded by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison around 1792. Supporters usually identified themselves as Republicans, but sometimes as Democrats. The term "Democratic Republican" was also used by contemporaries, but mostly by the party's opponents. It was the dominant political party in the United States Aaron Burr Aaron Burr, Jr. served as the third Vice President of the United States (1801–1805) under President Thomas Jefferson, and was the first vice president to never serve as president. He fought in the Revolutionary War, was an important political figure in the nation's early history, and spent much of his career after politics engaging in a number 4
George Clinton George Clinton was an American soldier and politician, considered one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. He was the first Governor of New York, and then the fourth Vice President of the United States, serving under Thomas Jefferson and James Madison 5
4 James Madison James Madison was an American politician and political philosopher who served as the fourth President of the United States (1809–1817) and is considered one of the Founding Fathers of the United States [14][15][16][17] March 4, 1809 March 4, 1817 Democratic-Republican The Democratic-Republican Party was founded by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison around 1792. Supporters usually identified themselves as Republicans, but sometimes as Democrats. The term "Democratic Republican" was also used by contemporaries, but mostly by the party's opponents. It was the dominant political party in the United States George Clinton George Clinton was an American soldier and politician, considered one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. He was the first Governor of New York, and then the fourth Vice President of the United States, serving under Thomas Jefferson and James Madison[n 2] March 4, 1809 – April 20, 1812 6
vacant[n 3] April 20, 1812 – March 4, 1813
Elbridge Gerry[n 2] March 4, 1813 – November 23, 1814 7
vacant [n 3] November 23, 1814 – March 4, 1817
5 James Monroe [18][19][20][21] March 4, 1817 March 4, 1825 Democratic-Republican Daniel D. Tompkins 8
9
6 John Quincy Adams [22][23][24][25] March 4, 1825 March 4, 1829 Democratic-Republican National Republican John C. Calhoun 10
7 Andrew Jackson [26][27][28][29] March 4, 1829 March 4, 1837 Democratic John C. Calhoun [n 4] March 4, 1829 – December 28, 1832 11
vacant[n 3] December 28, 1832 – March 4, 1833
Martin Van Buren 12
8 Martin Van Buren [30][31][32][33] March 4, 1837 March 4, 1841 Democratic Richard Mentor Johnson 13
9 William Henry Harrison [34][35][36][37] March 4, 1841 April 4, 1841[n 2] Whig John Tyler 14
10[n 5] John Tyler [38][39][40][41] April 4, 1841 March 4, 1845 Whig April 4, 1841 – September 13, 1841 vacant [n 3]
Independent[n 6] September 13, 1841 – March 4, 1845
11 James K. Polk [42][43][44][45] March 4, 1845 March 4, 1849 Democratic George M. Dallas 15
12 Zachary Taylor [46][47][48][49] March 4, 1849 July 9, 1850[n 2] Whig Millard Fillmore 16
13 Millard Fillmore [50][51][52][53] July 9, 1850 March 4, 1853 Whig vacant [n 3]
14 Franklin Pierce [54][55][56][57] March 4, 1853 March 4, 1857 Democratic William R. King[n 2] March 4, 1853 – April 18, 1853 17
vacant [n 3] April 18, 1853 – March 4, 1857
15 James Buchanan [58][59][60][61] March 4, 1857 March 4, 1861 Democratic John C. Breckinridge 18
16 Abraham Lincoln [62][63][64][65] March 4, 1861 April 15, 1865[n 7] Republican National Union[n 8] Hannibal Hamlin 19
Andrew Johnson 20
17 Andrew Johnson [66][67][68][69] April 15, 1865 March 4, 1869 Democratic National Union[n 8] vacant [n 3]
National Union[n 8] Independent[n 9]
18 Ulysses S. Grant [70][71][72][73] March 4, 1869 March 4, 1877 Republican Schuyler Colfax 21
Henry Wilson[n 2] March 4, 1873 – November 22, 1875 22
vacant [n 3] November 22, 1875 – March 4, 1877
19 Rutherford B. Hayes [74][75][76][77] March 4, 1877 March 4, 1881 Republican William A. Wheeler 23
20 James A. Garfield [78][79][80][81] March 4, 1881 September 19, 1881[n 7] Republican Chester A. Arthur 24
21 Chester A. Arthur [82][83][84][85] September 19, 1881 March 4, 1885 Republican vacant [n 3]
22 Grover Cleveland [86][87][88][89] March 4, 1885 March 4, 1889 Democratic Thomas A. Hendricks[n 2] March 4, 1885 – November 25, 1885 25
vacant [n 3] November 25, 1885 – March 4, 1889
23 Benjamin Harrison [90][91][92][93] March 4, 1889 March 4, 1893 Republican Levi P. Morton 26
24 Grover Cleveland (second term) [86][87][88][89] March 4, 1893 March 4, 1897 Democratic Adlai E. Stevenson I 27
25 William McKinley [94][95][96][97] March 4, 1897 September 14, 1901[n 7] Republican Garret Hobart[n 2] March 4, 1897 – November 21, 1899 28
vacant [n 3] November 21, 1899 – March 4, 1901
Theodore Roosevelt 29
26 Theodore Roosevelt [98][99][100][101] September 14, 1901 March 4, 1909 Republican vacant [n 3]
Charles W. Fairbanks 30
27 William Howard Taft [102][103][104][105] March 4, 1909 March 4, 1913 Republican James S. Sherman[n 2] March 4, 1909 – October 30, 1912 31
vacant [n 3] October 30, 1912 – March 4, 1913
28 Woodrow Wilson [106][107][108][109] March 4, 1913 March 4, 1921 Democratic Thomas R. Marshall 32
33
29 Warren G. Harding [110][111][112][113] March 4, 1921 August 2, 1923[n 2] Republican Calvin Coolidge 34
30 Calvin Coolidge [114][115][116][117] August 2, 1923 March 4, 1929 Republican vacant [n 3]
Charles G. Dawes 35
31 Herbert Hoover [118][119][120][121] March 4, 1929 March 4, 1933 Republican Charles Curtis 36
32 Franklin D. Roosevelt [122][123][124][125] March 4, 1933 April 12, 1945[n 2] Democratic John Nance Garner 37[n 10]
38
Henry A. Wallace 39
Harry S. Truman 40
33 Harry S. Truman [126][127][128][129] April 12, 1945 January 20, 1953 Democratic vacant [n 3]
Alben W. Barkley 41
34 Dwight D. Eisenhower [130][131][132][133] January 20, 1953 January 20, 1961 Republican Richard Nixon 42
43
35 John F. Kennedy [134][135][136][137] January 20, 1961 November 22, 1963[n 7] Democratic Lyndon B. Johnson 44
36 Lyndon B. Johnson [138][139][140][141] November 22, 1963 January 20, 1969 Democratic vacant [n 3]
Hubert Humphrey 45
37 Richard Nixon [142][143][144][145] January 20, 1969 August 9, 1974[n 4] Republican Spiro Agnew[n 4] January 20, 1969 – October 10, 1973 46
47
vacant [n 3] October 10, 1973 – December 6, 1973
Gerald Ford December 6, 1973 – August 9, 1974
38 Gerald Ford [146][147][148][149] August 9, 1974 January 20, 1977 Republican vacant [n 3] August 9, 1974 – December 19, 1974
Nelson Rockefeller December 19, 1974 – January 20, 1977
39 Jimmy Carter [150][151][152][153] January 20, 1977 January 20, 1981 Democratic Walter Mondale 48
40 Ronald Reagan [154][155][156][157] January 20, 1981 January 20, 1989 Republican George H. W. Bush 49
50
41 George H. W. Bush [158][159][160][161] January 20, 1989 January 20, 1993 Republican Dan Quayle 51
42 Bill Clinton [162][163][164][165] January 20, 1993 January 20, 2001 Democratic Al Gore 52
53
43 George W. Bush [166][167][168][169] January 20, 2001 January 20, 2009 Republican Dick Cheney 54
55
44 Barack Obama [170][171][172][173] January 20, 2009 Incumbent Democratic Joe Biden 56

Notes

  1. ^ A presidency is defined as consecutive time in office served by a single person. For example, George Washington served two consecutive terms and is counted as the first president (not the first and second). Gerald Ford assumed the presidency after the resignation of Richard Nixon, serving out the remainder of what would have been Nixon's second term. The fact that Ford was not voted into office does not affect the numbering, which makes him the 38th president. In addition, under this numbering, Grover Cleveland is counted as having two separate presidencies, having served two non-consecutive terms.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Died in office of natural causes.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Prior to ratification of the Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1967, there was no provision for filling a vacancy in the Vice Presidency. Richard Nixon was the first president to fill such a vacancy under the provisions of the Twenty-fifth Amendment when he appointed Gerald Ford. Ford later became the second president to fill a vice presidential vacancy when he appointed Nelson Rockefeller to succeed him.
  4. ^ a b c Resigned.
  5. ^ Being the first vice president to assume the presidency, Tyler set a precedent that a vice president who assumes the office of president becomes a fully functioning president who has his own presidency, as opposed to just a caretaker president. His political opponents attempted to refer to him as "Acting President", but he refused to allow that. The Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution put Tyler's precedent into the Constitution.
  6. ^ Former Democrat who ran for Vice President on Whig ticket. Clashed with Whig congressional leaders and was expelled from the Whig party in 1841.
  7. ^ a b c d Assassinated.
  8. ^ a b c Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson were, respectively, a Republican and a Democrat who ran on the National Union ticket in 1864.
  9. ^ Andrew Johnson did not identify with the two main parties while president and tried and failed to build a party of loyalists under the National Union label. His failure to build a true National Union Party made Johnson without a party.
  10. ^ This term was shortened by 43 days due to the Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution going into effect, moving inauguration day from March 4 to January 20.

See also

References

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  2. ^ The White House (March 12, 2007). "Biography of George Washington". Whitehouse.gov. http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/georgewashington/. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
  3. ^ "The First President: 1789–1797 George Washington "Father of his Country"". American Heritage. Forbes. http://www.americanheritage.com/people/presidents/washington_george.shtml. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
  4. ^ "George Washington – Independent Party – 1st President – American Presidents". History. http://www.history.com/presidents/washington. Retrieved January 12 2009.
  5. ^ "George Washington (February 22, 1732 – December 14, 1799)". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. http://americanpresidents.org/presidents/gwashington.asp. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
  6. ^ "Biography of John Adams". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/johnadams/. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
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  8. ^ "John Adams – Federalist Party – 2nd President – American Presidents". History. http://www.history.com/presidents/adams. Retrieved January 12 2009.
  9. ^ "John Adams (October 30, 1735 – July 4, 1826)". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. http://americanpresidents.org/presidents/president.asp?PresidentNumber=2. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
  10. ^ "Biography of Thomas Jefferson". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/thomasjefferson/. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
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  12. ^ "Thomas Jefferson – Democratic-Republican Party – 3rd President – American Presidents". History. http://www.history.com/presidents/jefferson. Retrieved January 12 2009.
  13. ^ "Thomas Jefferson (April 13, 1743 – July 4, 1826)". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. http://americanpresidents.org/presidents/president.asp?PresidentNumber=3. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
  14. ^ "Biography of James Madison". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/jamesmadison/. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
  15. ^ "The Fourth President: 1809–1817 James Madison "The Nation Builder"". American Heritage. Forbes. http://www.americanheritage.com/people/presidents/madison_james.shtml. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
  16. ^ "James Madison – Democratic-Republican Party – 4th President – American Presidents". History. http://www.history.com/presidents/madison. Retrieved January 12 2009.
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  18. ^ "Biography of James Madison". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/jamesmonroe/. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
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  20. ^ "James Monroe – Democratic-Republican Party – 5th President – American Presidents". History. http://www.history.com/presidents/monroe. Retrieved January 12 2009.
  21. ^ "James Monroe (April 28, 1758 – July 4, 1831)". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. http://americanpresidents.org/presidents/president.asp?PresidentNumber=5. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
  22. ^ "Biography of John Quincy Adams". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/johnquincyadams/. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
  23. ^ "The Sixth President: 1825–1829 John Quincy Adams "Born to Lead"". American Heritage. Forbes. http://www.americanheritage.com/people/presidents/adams_johnquincy.shtml. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
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  26. ^ "Biography of Andrew Jackson". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/andrewjackson/. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
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  34. ^ "Biography of William Henry Harrison". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/williamhenryharrison/. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
  35. ^ "The Ninth President: 1841–1841 William Henry Harrison "Old Tippecanoe"". American Heritage. Forbes. http://www.americanheritage.com/people/presidents/harrison_william.shtml. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
  36. ^ "William Henry Harrison – WHIG Party – 9th President – American Presidents". History. http://www.history.com/presidents/williamhenryharrison. Retrieved January 12 2009.
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Lists relating to Presidents of the United States and Vice Presidents of the United States
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Professional careers Political affiliation · Other offices held · Elected office · Executive experience · Inaugurations · Doctrines · Judicial appointments · Pardons · Vetoes · Control of Congress · Assassination attempts · Currency appearances · Libraries
Personal life Nicknames · Names · Genealogical relationship · Education · Military service · Pets · Place of birth · Place of primary affiliation · Previous occupation · Religious affiliation · Residences · Summer White Houses · Handedness · Deaths in office
Vice presidential lists Order of service · Time in office · Age of ascension · Other offices held · Birth · Tie-breaking votes · Death and longevity · Vacancies · Place of primary affiliation · Religious affiliation
Succession Line of succession · Designated survivor
Elections Electoral College margin · Popular vote margin · 2000 Electors · 2004 Electors · 2008 Electors
Candidates 1789–1852 · 1856–present · Democratic tickets · Republican tickets · Height · African American · Female · Lost their home state · Former presidents who ran again · Unsuccessful but received at least one electoral vote
In fiction Presidents · Vice Presidents · Candidates · Succession
Families First ladies (List · Longevity · Number living) · Second ladies · Children
United States presidential elections

1789 · 1792 · 1796 · 1800 · 1804 · 1808 · 1812 · 1816 · 1820 · 1824 · 1828 · 1832 · 1836 · 1840 · 1844 · 1848 · 1852 · 1856 · 1860 · 1864 · 1868 · 1872 · 1876 · 1880 · 1884 · 1888 · 1892 · 1896 · 1900 · 1904 · 1908 · 1912 · 1916 · 1920 · 1924 · 1928 · 1932 · 1936 · 1940 · 1944 · 1948 · 1952 · 1956 · 1960 · 1964 · 1968 · 1972 · 1976 · 1980 · 1984 · 1988 · 1992 · 1996 · 2000 · 2004 · 2008 · 2012

Electoral College · Electoral vote changes · Electoral votes by state · Results by Electoral College margin · Results by popular vote margin · Results by state · Voter turnout ·
See also: · ·

Categories: Presidents of the United States | Lists of presidents | Lists relating to the United States presidency

 

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Washington Captials Web Site Headquartered in McLean, Va., Capital One is the seventh-largest bank in the United States , offering a broad spectrum of financial products and services to ...
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Common Man News: "The CIA Hit List ": Muslim Men to be Murdered as ...
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Common Man News: "The CIA Hit List ": Muslim Men to be Murdered as ...

themancommon

Sun, 25 Apr 2010 23:30:00 GM

"The CIA Hit . List. " is a media term for selected Muslim men to be murdered as threats to the . United States. . As President, Bush used the phrase for his . list. of "terrorist" suspects when the policy was first made public mid-December 2002. ... The Bush announcement, aware of prohibitions against assassinations in the executive orders of former . presidents. , designated the suspects as "enemy combatants" to avoid a direct confrontation with the laws of war (LOW) aka laws of ...

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